What explains the outsized success of autistic college applicants
All ages can have this autistic success if we understand it
Read this post on my blog.
Z went to a Duke recruiting weekend where accepted kids can get a feel for the university. He hung out with some kids who decided to go to Harvard and Stanford, and a bunch of kids who decided on Duke. What was similar about all of them? They talked openly about having autism.
At lunch one kid said to Z, "Do you know you have autism?"
And Z said, "Yeah. Do you?"
And then a bunch of the kids at the table said they had it. That's all. Then everyone moved on to another topic.
Kids are so far ahead of parents in how they think about autism. So I've been trying to focus my own research on what makes autistic people so special. Why are they overrepresented among top colleges, top earners, artistic success stories?
OCD means inventive
The idea of disability is contextual, and culture determines what we think is useful. For example, OCD is a label for obsessive people, but expertise comes from obsessive interests as well. Each of the kids asked each other, "how did you get in" or "what was your main essay about?" and they were really answering the question "what were you obsessed with in high school?"
We can also think of OCD as a way to find fulfillment through consistency. For example Z was able to succeed at cello because he had an obsession with playing in tune -- which is very difficult to do but fulfilling to people who play string instruments very well .
Also, the process for invention is trial and error. Another word for that is OCD. Few people have enough patience for trial and error to actually invent something. But someone with OCD doesn't need patience to be inventive -- they feel fulfilled even when they're failing because they focus on process.
ADHD means hyperfocused
ADHD means it's impossible to focus on something boring, but the ability to focus on something interesting is extraordinary. Among kids with ADHD interestingness is the highest value.
Top colleges look for spiked applicants which means admissions committees don't want well-rounded kids but rather kids who have a natural tendency to become an expert. Because experts make a community more interesting and they are more likely to place high value on other interesting kids.
Z stayed overnight in a dorm room and his host was a soccer player who just received a multi-million dollar contract to play in England. Z said, "He's 7'2" and I almost never saw him because he was at soccer practice." Other kids might be sad about the lack of interaction but Z loved being surrounded by kids who were hyper focused on their interest.
Dyslexia means information-driven
The type of dyslexia autistic kids have is around reading comprehension. We are great at finding the answer to reading comprehension questions, but we have a hard time with open-ended questions about characters e.g. class discussion. We just don't care.
While neurotypical people connect to others by narrating daily life or sharing personal feelings, autistic people connect with people by sharing ideas and knowledge. Each group has the same level of drive to connect to other people, but to different ends.
The way this tendency translates to reading is we get the information we need and move on. The way it looks in college is lots of kids at top schools connecting by sharing ideas.
Social awkwardness means social activist
Cognitive empathy is understanding how someone feels and why they feel that way. Autistic people are not very good at this type of empathy. But caring about someone is different -- that's affective empathy which is intact in autistic people. The result is autistic kids can feel empathy for people as a whole but we have trouble empathizing with individual experiences.
This explains the autistic tendency toward social justice. Autistic people have empathy for the greater good and this makes autistic kids most likely to act in a leadership role to instigate change. When colleges say they're looking for leaders, they are, in effect, looking for people with empathy for the whole rather than for individuals.
Autistic kids also have compromised person-perception which means we can't accurately predict an individual's intentions, emotions, or thoughts. But, like all deficits in our brain, it makes room for our brain to focus on something else. And in this case it's understanding societal intentions and needs.
Autistic social-cognitive skills are extremely high. This means we can predict the needs of a group before the individuals are aware of those needs. Our ability to predict social phenomena and psycho-social trends enables us to come up with ideas like "social loafing" and "group think".
Pattern seeker means problem solver
Autistic people are drawn to patterns and the systems that create those patterns. This can be the way a frisbee moves, how tidal waves emerge, coin collecting, or office politics. The need for systematic thinking in society is huge, and autistic people can solve problems because they see the systems differently.
For example, a kid Z met applied from one of the poorest areas on earth. The kid got to learning everything there is about US colleges and the application process, and then systemizing his efforts. He applied to the top 20 schools, and schools that offer international scholarships. He got into two colleges: Duke and Princeton. That's a great example of how systematizing is a huge advantage.
I listened to Z talk about the kids, and it was so fun to hear how their process for becoming experts. Teaching me about patterns is my love language. I think that's what autistic kids think when they meet each other: relief, and excitement. And that's what makes being together at college so fun.
I love this piece. Before I knew I was autistic I could never work out why I could see potential solutions to stuff other people hadn’t thought of. When I realised it was related to the way my brain works I stopped feeling like a freak or a smart arse.
We don't yet know what the causes of austism/adhd are and there is increasing evidence pointing towards environmental factors. For the sake of argument imagine that some of these individuals had their issues caused by developmental damage due to exposure to pollution.
We don't know what these people would have been like had they not been damaged, the hyper focused individual who is socially awkward might have been hyper focused and a social butterfly. We simply can't know.
What if these individuals would have been even more capable had they not been exposed to toxins?
While I get what you are saying, that we should try and recognise the value in what might otherwise be seen as a negative thing, I think we should not overlook the idea that we might have been damaged and had something taken away and that this itself is an injustice.
As someone who is on the spectrum and used to run an Autistic pub group there is a massive range of functioning. One of the guys who used to goto the pub group later took his life because he couldn't stand being Autistic and I think about this every now and then to this day. It makes me feel sad and angry.
If we are damaged due to exposure to pollution we should be angry and demand answers, not accept the narrative that we just think differently. We don't know what we would be if we had not been exposed to pollution, but we need to know either way what causes autism and adhd.
If it turns out that we would have been autistic anyway then I'll be completely on board with the acceptance narrative. Until then I'm skeptical and will continue to raise awareness of the developmental damage that environmental toxins can create.